Coverage Summary for Class: TestRangeLimit (org.umlg.sqlg.test.gremlincompile)

Class Class, % Method, % Branch, % Line, %
TestRangeLimit 100% (1/1) 100% (24/24) 82.6% (109/132) 100% (510/510)


 package org.umlg.sqlg.test.gremlincompile;
 
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.Step;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.Traversal;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.DefaultGraphTraversal;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversal;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.__;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.step.filter.RangeGlobalStep;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Edge;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T;
 import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.umlg.sqlg.step.SqlgGraphStep;
 import org.umlg.sqlg.test.BaseTest;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 
 /**
  * Test range and limit, they should be implemented as the SQL level
  *
  * @author jpmoresmau
  */
 public class TestRangeLimit extends BaseTest {
 
     /**
      * ensure once we've built the traversal, it contains a RangeGlobalStep
      *
      * @param g
      */
     private void ensureRangeGlobal(GraphTraversal<?, ?> g) {
         DefaultGraphTraversal<?, ?> dgt = (DefaultGraphTraversal<?, ?>) g;
         boolean found = false;
         for (Step<?, ?> s : dgt.getSteps()) {
             found |= (s instanceof RangeGlobalStep<?>);
         }
         Assert.assertTrue(found);
     }
 
 
     /**
      * once we've run the traversal, it shouldn't contain the RangeGlobalStep,
      * since it was changed into a Range on the ReplacedStep
      *
      * @param g
      */
     private void ensureNoRangeGlobal(GraphTraversal<?, ?> g) {
         DefaultGraphTraversal<?, ?> dgt = (DefaultGraphTraversal<?, ?>) g;
         for (Step<?, ?> s : dgt.getSteps()) {
             Assert.assertFalse(s instanceof RangeGlobalStep<?>);
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testConsecutiveLimits() {
         this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A");
         this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A");
         this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A");
         this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A");
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
 
         List<Vertex> vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().limit(1).limit(2).toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, vertices.size());
 
         vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().limit(3).limit(2).toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(2, vertices.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRange() {
         Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a");
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("ab", b);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .out()
                 .range(5, 6);
         Assert.assertEquals(4, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertices = traversal.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, true, true);
         Assert.assertEquals(1, vertices.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testStepsAfterRangeNotOptimized() {
         Vertex a1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "d");
         Vertex a2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "c");
         Vertex a3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "b");
         Vertex a4 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a");
 
         Vertex b1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "surname", "b");
         Vertex b2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "surname", "b");
         Vertex b3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "surname", "b");
         Vertex b4 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "surname", "b");
         a1.addEdge("ab", b1);
         a2.addEdge("ab", b2);
         a3.addEdge("ab", b3);
         a4.addEdge("ab", b4);
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
 
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A").order().by("name").limit(2)
                 .out("ab");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertices = traversal.toList();
 
         Assert.assertEquals(2, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(2, vertices.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(vertices.contains(b3));
         Assert.assertTrue(vertices.contains(b4));
     }
 
 
     @Test
     public void testLimitAfterNonOptimizedStep() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex column = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Column");
             Vertex tag = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Tag", "name", "NonAnonymized");
             tag.addEdge("tag", column);
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex column = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Column");
             Vertex tag = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Tag", "name", "Anonymized");
             tag.addEdge("tag", column);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("BigData.Column")
                 .where(
                         __.in("tag").hasLabel("BigData.Tag").has("name", "Anonymized")
                 )
                 .limit(3);
         Assert.assertEquals(4, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertices = traversal.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(3, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, true, true);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(3, vertices.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testSkipAfterNonOptimizedStep() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex column = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Column");
             Vertex tag = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Tag", "name", "NonAnonymized");
             tag.addEdge("tag", column);
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex column = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Column");
             Vertex tag = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "BigData.Tag", "name", "Anonymized");
             tag.addEdge("tag", column);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("BigData.Column")
                 .where(
                         __.in("tag").hasLabel("BigData.Tag").has("name", "Anonymized")
                 )
                 .skip(2);
         Assert.assertEquals(4, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertices = traversal.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(3, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, true, true);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(98, vertices.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testVWithLimit() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "a" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V()
                 .range(1, 2);
         ensureRangeGlobal(traversal);
         Assert.assertEquals(2, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, traversal.toList().size());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, true, true, false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnVertexLabels() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .range(1, 4).values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a11"));
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnVertexLabelsCriteria() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i, "prop0", "value");
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A").has("prop0", "value")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a11"));
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnVertexLabelsNoOrder() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(4, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, true, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLimitOnVertexLabels() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .limit(3)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a0"));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnEdgeLabels() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Edge, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Edge, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .E().hasLabel("E")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("e1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("e10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("e11"));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnMultipleLabelsOrdered() {
         Vertex c = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "name", "c" + 12);
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A", "B")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, true, true, true, false);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         // order by on multiple labels is not done in SQL, so the range isn't
 //        ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("a11"));
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnMultipleLabelsOrderedWithSkip() {
         Vertex c = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "name", "c" + 12);
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A", "B")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .skip(2)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, true, true, true, false);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         // order by on multiple labels is not done in SQL, so the range isn't
 //        ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(38, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 38, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), !names.contains("a0"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), !names.contains("a1"));
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnMultipleLabelsOffset() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A", "B")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(4, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, true, true, false);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             cnt++;
         }
         // cannot have offset on different labels
 //        ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnMultipleLabels() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a" + i);
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A", "B")
                 .limit(4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(4, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             //TODO this really should execute limit on the db and finally in the step.
             //That way less results are returned from the db
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, true, true, false);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             cnt++;
         }
         // we still have to cut the union result
 //        ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(4, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 4, names.size());
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOnEdgesOutput() {
         Vertex a = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "name", "a0");
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
             Vertex b = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "name", "b" + i);
             a.addEdge("E", b, "name", "e" + i);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Object>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V(a)
                 .out("E")
                 .order().by("name")
                 .range(1, 4)
                 .values("name");
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         int cnt = 0;
         Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
         String previous = null;
         if (g.hasNext()) {
             Assert.assertEquals(2, g.getSteps().size());
             Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
             SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
             assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         }
         while (g.hasNext()) {
             String n = (String) g.next();
             names.add(n);
             if (previous != null) {
                 Assert.assertTrue(previous.compareTo(n) < 0);
             }
             previous = n;
             cnt++;
         }
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(3, cnt);
         Assert.assertEquals(names.toString(), 3, names.size());
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("b1"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("b10"));
         Assert.assertTrue(names.toString(), names.contains("b11"));
 
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeOut() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex a1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "age", i);
             Vertex b1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "age", i);
             Vertex c1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "age", i);
             a1.addEdge("ab", b1);
             b1.addEdge("bc", c1);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .out()
                 .out()
                 .order().by("age")
                 .range(10, 20);
         Assert.assertEquals(6, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertexList = traversal.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         Assert.assertEquals(10, vertexList.size());
         for (Vertex v : vertexList) {
             Assert.assertEquals("C", v.label());
             int i = (Integer) v.property("age").value();
             Assert.assertTrue(i >= 10 && i < 20);
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeRepeatOut() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex a1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "age", i);
             Vertex b1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "age", i);
             Vertex c1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "age", i);
             a1.addEdge("ab", b1);
             b1.addEdge("bc", c1);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("A")
                 .repeat(
                         __.out()
                 ).times(2)
                 .order().by("age")
                 .range(10, 20);
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         List<Vertex> vertexList = g.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, g.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, false, false, true);
         ensureNoRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(10, vertexList.size());
         for (Vertex v : vertexList) {
             Assert.assertEquals("C", v.label());
             int i = (Integer) v.property("age").value();
             Assert.assertTrue(i >= 10 && i < 20);
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeBoth() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex a1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "age", i);
             Vertex b1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "age", i);
             Vertex c1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "age", i);
             a1.addEdge("ab", b1);
             b1.addEdge("bc", c1);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> g = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>)this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("B")
                 .both()
                 .order().by("age")
                 .range(10, 20);
         Assert.assertEquals(5, g.getSteps().size());
         ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         List<Vertex> vertexList = g.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, g.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(g.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) g.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, true, true, true, false);
 
         // cannot be done in SQL
 //        ensureRangeGlobal(g);
         Assert.assertEquals(10, vertexList.size());
         for (Vertex v : vertexList) {
             Assert.assertTrue(v.label().equals("A") || v.label().equals("C"));
             int i = (Integer) v.property("age").value();
             Assert.assertTrue(String.valueOf(i), i >= 5 && i < 10);
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRangeWithNoOrder() {
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             Vertex a1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "A", "age", i);
             Vertex b1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "B", "age", i);
             Vertex c1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "C", "age", i);
             a1.addEdge("ab", b1);
             b1.addEdge("bc", c1);
         }
         this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
 
         DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> traversal = (DefaultGraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex>) this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("B")
                 .both()
                 .limit(10);
         Assert.assertEquals(4, traversal.getSteps().size());
         List<Vertex> vertices = traversal.toList();
         Assert.assertEquals(1, traversal.getSteps().size());
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.getSteps().get(0) instanceof SqlgGraphStep);
         SqlgGraphStep sqlgGraphStep = (SqlgGraphStep) traversal.getSteps().get(0);
         assertStep(sqlgGraphStep, true, false, true, true, false);
         Assert.assertEquals(10, vertices.size());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void g_V_hasLabelXpersonX_order_byXageX_skipX1X_valuesXnameX() {
         loadModern();
 
         final Traversal<Vertex, String> traversal =  this.sqlgGraph.traversal()
                 .V().hasLabel("person")
                 .order().by("age").skip(1).values("name");
         printTraversalForm(traversal);
         Assert.assertTrue(traversal.hasNext());
         Assert.assertEquals(Arrays.asList("marko", "josh", "peter"), traversal.toList());
     }
 }